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Module 1: Chapter 17

1. In what ways did the Industrial Revolution mark a sharp break with the past? In what ways did it continue earlier patterns? 
What started the sharp break in the past was that new jobs were being created, and women in the work industry were being more recognized and respected. That made the middle class even bigger because both parents can bring money home, and people started to have new social beliefs for the economy. As those events were and changes were happening the population was still growing, but more social inequality was happening and people started going back to a patriarchal way. Because men started to feel as if women were taking up too much of the industry and poor people started getting more to move into middle-class homes. The middle-class people that were already there feel like they are not the same and it’s getting too overpopulated. But the Scientific Revolution and the French Revolution led the transformation of European society into making it a temporary position for global dominance which no such thing happened like that since the Agricultural Revolution, which had altered the ways of human life. The Industrial Revolution was a breakthrough in that it made great quantities of energy available to humans such as wind, water, wood, and the power of people. It made oil, gas, coal, automobiles, airplanes were as so much more available. So many more new techniques,  technologies, new productions, the environment was impacted by all of this.
5. How did Britain's middle classes change during the 19th century?
As the middle class was growing a lot of things were happening. The middle class consisted of factory owners, bankers, and merchants that were very wealthy. But then there were those as teachers, journalists, and doctors who set the tone of the middle class. Like the liberals that are for the constitution of the government were limited to things like private property, social reforms, and free trade. So that really made everyone work harder for what they wanted as theirs. But the middle class had their own culture which was valued as “respectability”, and it was for people to understand their social status. It doesn’t matter who you were. That shows how everyone respected each other and in a way cared about each other to respect each other’s virtues. Another change during the 19th century was how women were known to be homemakers, which basically a housewife. Women are also known for just providing babies for their husbands and to cook and clean for the house. They're the main ones that educate the children and teach them about respectability. Women are the sole purpose of the house and to keep things and everyone together, and are the ones that keep their man stress free.
11. How did Karl Marx understand the Industrial Revolution? In what ways did his ideas have an impact on the industrializing world of the 19th century? 
The revolution class was trying to overthrow the bourgeoisie which was all started by proletarian people who wanted change to their society. Karl Marx was the one that predicted how capitalism would collapse and everything was going to be up to the workers. Marx works and what he already thought of and believed was later brought back by Britain and Germany labor workers and middle-class people. He analyzed the Industrial Revolution and came to the conclusion that industrial capitalism was an unstable system. He was scientific socialism since he would discover laws of social development. He inspired socialist movements of those of which European industrialization was harming. He made socialists establish political parties in many European states and connected them in order to be international organizations. That same idea was established later on of the nineteenth century. Improving the conditions of materials, helped Germany, Britain, and many other places get the working class in movement. 

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